Last data update: May 13, 2024. (Total: 46773 publications since 2009)
Records 1-5 (of 5 Records) |
Query Trace: Ebrahim SH[original query] |
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Polio priority countries and the 2018 Hajj: Leveraging an opportunity
Elachola H , Chitale RA , Ebrahim SH , Wassilak SGF , Memish ZA . Travel Med Infect Dis 2018 25 3-5 During the past three decades, since the 1988 World Health Assembly resolution to eradicate polio, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) efforts have decreased global polio incidence by 99.9%. GPEI efforts have benefitted over 16 million people who would otherwise have been paralysed, and approximately 1.5 million people whose lives would otherwise have been lost [1]. Now the task remains to tackle poliovirus transmission in its last few strongholds through parallel pursuits of wild poliovirus (WPV) eradication and vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) transmission elimination [2,3]. There are 23 GPEI priority countries: 3 WPV-endemic (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria), 5 circulating VDPV (cVDPV) outbreak/active transmission, and 15 at-risk countries. Conflict, political instability, hard-to-reach populations, and poor infrastructure continue to pose challenges to eradicating the disease [2,3] (Photo 1). About half of all polio cases during 2009–2011 occurred due to international spread from endemic to polio-free countries [4]. In May 2014 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the international spread of wild poliovirus as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) per the IHR (2005) [4], and reiterated the concern during the 2018 the WHO IHR Emergency Committee meeting as the number of VDPV cases greatly exceeded the number of WPV cases in 2017 (96 vs. 22). |
Blood disorders among women: implications for preconception care
Ebrahim SH , Kulkarni R , Parker C , Atrash HK . Am J Prev Med 2010 38 S459-67 The objectives of preconception care for women with blood disorders are to provide women and their partners with information on the implications of blood disorders for pregnancy; reproductive choices; and the management of potential or future pregnancies. Advances in hematology have led to improved diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders, thereby contributing to longevity and quality of life for women who are either affected by or are carriers of blood disorders. Women with blood disorders pose unique challenges: physiologic events such as pregnancy and menstruation influence the manifestations of blood disorders; blood disorders are a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes; pregnancy imposes the risk of potential genetic transmission of the blood disorder to the offspring;and medications used for treatment of blood disorders pose additional challenges to conception and pregnancy. Hence, it is crucial that women of childbearing age with blood disorders be provided proper care for their conditions and be counseled before they become pregnant, in time to prevent complications to mothers and infants related to blood disorders. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the current knowledge related to blood disorders in women of reproductive age, the interventions needed to manage these conditions, and the implications of these conditions and their management for the health of women and their infants. |
Burden of disease resulting from hemophilia in the U.S
Siddiqi AE , Ebrahim SH , Soucie JM , Parker CS , Atrash HK . Am J Prev Med 2010 38 S482-8 BACKGROUND: Hemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder. Its complications can result in substantial morbidity, but few efforts have been made to quantify the disease burden. PURPOSE: The objective of this analysis was to estimate the burden of disease due to hemophilia (A and B) in the U.S., using disability-adjusted life years (DALY). METHODS: The approach taken by the WHO in its Global Burden of Disease study was followed. Assumptions were drawn from published literature, and population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau for the Year 2007 were used. Estimations of years of life lost resulting from mortality (YLL) and years of life lost resulting from morbidity (YLD) were done separately by gender, 5-year age intervals, and severity of disease (morbidity only) with their sum representing DALYs. Disability weights were derived from the quality-of-life tool EuroQol (EQ-5D). The stability of burden estimates was tested by performing sensitivity analyses, changing one assumption at a time. RESULTS: In the U.S. in 2007, hemophilia resulted in 110,095 DALYs, composed of 13,418 YLLs and 96,677 YLDs. Large differences between men/boys (107,346) and women/girls (2749) were observed, given that females are genetic carriers of the disorder and rarely present with disease. Sensitivity analyses revealed a relatively robust estimate with a maximum variation of 4.49%. CONCLUSIONS: This first estimate of hemophilia-related DALYs in the U.S. indicates that control of hemophilia can potentially result in a gain of 1 healthy year of life for every 2700 people in the population. |
Children who come and go: the state of sickle cell disease in resource-poor countries
Ebrahim SH , Khoja TA , Elachola H , Atrash HK , Memish Z , Johnson A . Am J Prev Med 2010 38 S568-70 Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy and a life-long blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal, rigid, sickle shape, which decreases the cells' flexibility and causes risk of various complications. About 7% of the world's population are carriers of the condition, and 300,000–400,000 affected children are born each year, making SCD the most common life-threatening monogenic disorder in the world1 (Figure 1). The highest frequency of SCD remains in tropical regions, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, India, and the Middle East, and in countries to which people from these regions have migrated. In the past 5 decades, because of migration and demographic changes, SCD has been observed with increasing frequency in previously low-incidence areas.2 There is marked variation in carrier frequency, not only between countries but also between regions within countries. For example, among the Bamba tribe in western Uganda, the carrier frequency is as high as 45%, whereas it is as low as 1%–2% in South Africa and on the North African coast.3 |
Pandemic H1N1 and the 2009 Hajj
Ebrahim SH , Memish ZA , Uyeki TM , Khoja TA , Marano N , McNabb SJ . Science 2009 326 (5955) 938-40 It will take vigilance, commitment, and action by all global stakeholders to reduce the potential impact of pandemic influenza during the upcoming Hajj pilgrimage. |
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